Maritime Transport is a critical infrastructure for the social and economic development of a country and has multiplier effect on trade and income generation propelling economic growth. It influences the pace, structure, and pattern of development. The Maritime Sector in India comprises Ports, Shipping, Shipbuilding and Ship repair and Inland Water Transport Systems. India has a rich maritime heritage and the earliest reference to maritime activities is contained in the Rig Veda. There is plenty of evidence derived from Indian literature, art, sculptures, painting, and archaeology to establish the existence of Indian maritime traditions. A study of the country’s maritime history reveals that the Indian sub-continent exercised supremacy over the Indian Ocean from very early times up to the 13th century. Most cargo ships that sail between East Asia and America, Europe, and Africa pass through Indian territorial waters. Maritime transport handles around 70% of India’s trading in value terms. The ports sector in India is being driven by high growth in external trade.
All ports in India are situated in the 9 coastal states of India namely Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, West Bengal, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu. India’s extended coastline forms one of the major portions of land that juts out into a water body. Thirteen major ports in the country handle a lot of volume of container and cargo traffic. On the west coast, there are the ports of Mumbai, Kandla, Mangalore, JNPT, Mormugao, and Cochin. The ones on the east coast are the ports at Chennai, Tuticorin, Visakhapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata, and Ennore. The last one, Ennore is a registered public company with the government owning a 68% stake. In Andaman and Nicobar Islands, there is Port Blair. Mumbai is the largest natural port in India. In FY22, all key ports in India handled 650.52 million tonnes (MT) of cargo traffic.
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